How to Cut Felt on a 60W CO2 Laser Cutter
Felt is an extremely versatile material. It’s non-woven, which means it has no warp, no weft, and no bias; it doesn’t unravel, which makes it an ideal material for intricate garments. However, because it is thick and relatively unforgiving, cutting intricate patterns and structures into felt is difficult to do by hand. Precise cutting is usually done by means of an industrial die cutter, which is costly when producing things in small quantities.
Because of the cost of die cutting, using a laser to cut felt is great for prototyping and experimentation. The only downside to this method is the burnt smell. It fades somewhat after time, and is not terribly noticeable, but if you are really trying to make a finished product for public consumption, I would look into getting a quote for die-cutting. However, if you are trying to figure out the fit and proportion of an avant-garde garment or take pictures for a portfolio, laser cutting is more than sufficient.
Buying the material:
Use 95-100% Wool Felt. This is a good idea for the laser cutter in order to avoid the release of toxins into the air, but it’s also a good idea in general, as the material quality of 100% wool felt makes a huge difference in any project.
There are two types of high-grade wool felt you can buy. Industrial/SAE felt is fabricated to standards set by the Society of Automotive Engineers and comes in cream (new wool) and grey (a mottled recycling of old wool and other materials). There is also 100% wool felt that is usually sold for doll making which comes in a multitude of colors. Stick with the plant-based dyes. Don’t get the craft-store felt — that’s mostly acrylic and is just really low quality in general.
Manufacturers of SAE Wool Felt: McMaster-Carr, Aetna Felt, National Nonwovens, Sutherland Felt Company
100% Wool Craft Felt: The Felt People, Weir Dolls and Crafts, A Child’s Dream Comes True
HOW TO: Make an Engraved Felt Pouch with the Laser Cutter
1. Draw your pattern in Illustrator with any engraved lines or cutouts. Outlines work best — large filled shapes result in a lot of burnt smell. The pattern should look something like the image at left. The two edge flaps will be stitched together, right-side facing in, and the whole thing will be turned inside out. The area with the whale outline becomes the closing flap of the pouch.
2. Tape the felt down into the bed and properly focus it. The felt will stay pretty flat because of the friction between the fabric and the honeycomb table. However, the edges will fly up if not taped.
3. Set the line weights and color order properly. This will vary from laser cutter to laser cutter, but the black text should be raster engraved first. Next, the whale can be vector engraved or cut, and, finally, the outside edge should be a vector cut.
4. The settings I use for felt are as follows:
Raster Engraving: Power: 15%, Speed: 80%, PPI: 200
Vector Engraving: Power: 1%, Speed: 8%, PPI: 150
Vector Cutting (2-3 passes, less burning): Power: 3%, Speed: 5%, PPI: 350
Vector Cutting (1 pass, singed edge): Power: 8%, Speed: 3%, PPI: 200
The multi-pass vector cutting option just cuts through, which leaves the cutouts still connected to the surrounding material by friction. This is safer for the laser and makes material removal from the bed easier.
4. Once the felt has been cut, sew the edges together and flip inside out for your pouch!
Process Photos
taping the felt to the bed
felt in the process of being cut
felt after cutting
wallet before sewing
wallet after sewing
optional applique
Felty the Felt Octopus – Cute Laser-Cut Toy Made with F10 1/8″ Felt
Felty is cut from 1/8″ F10 grade wool felt. We chose the F10 grade because it contains 95% wool. We operate our laser cutter in a confined office environment, so we are extra-careful about cutting potentially-toxic materials, especially some of the synthetics contained in certain felt materials.
There are other grades of felt with the same wool content, but F10 is the least dense out of all of them, making it easier to cut at low powers. Cutting felt produces a smell likened to that of a burning dog, and it’s quite pungent. The less laser power we have to apply to the material, the less burning, and therefore the less stench produced.
We’re using a Universal X-660 60W laser cutter with a compressed-air assist. Here are the settings I used for cutting 1/8″ F10 wool felt:
- Raster Engraving: 18% Power, 80% Speed, 200PPI, Single Pass, Low Gas
- Vector Engraving: 10% Power, 8% Speed, 200PPI, Single Pass, High Gas
- Vector Cutting: 11% Power, 3% Speed, 200PPI, Single Pass, High Gas
As with any material, be sure to have adequate ventilation when laser cutting. Felt especially creates some strong odors.
The files:
- felty_the_octopus.ai Adobe Illustrator CS2 file
- felty_laser_settings.las laser settings profile for Universal X660 laser cutter